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Africans and Seminoles: From Removal to Emancipation

Name: Africans and Seminoles: From Removal to Emancipation
Brand: University Press of Mississippi
SKU: 9781578063604
Price: 38.99 USD
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Contributors:

Daniel F. Littlefield

Publisher:

University Press of Mississippi

Binding:

Paperback

Book Category:

History, Social Science

Book Subcategory:

United States, Ethnic Studies, Indigenous Peoples in the Americas

Book Topic:

State & Local, American

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The product is eligible for a complimentary return within 30 days from the date of purchase. Furthermore, individual items are shipped within 24 hours of receiving the order.

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Specifications +

Release Date:

2001-11-19

ISBN 13:

9781578063604

Weight:

0.81 lbs

Size:

8.26 x 5.40 x 0.86 inches

Pages:

278

Mint Condition +

product description

Description

Because Seminoles held slaves in a confusing system that was markedly dissimilar to white society's, the federal government was challenged to identify which blacks in Florida were free and which were not. As claims by slave owners and slave hunters fell into conflict, the Seminoles' more relaxed form of enslavement threatened the overall institution. This discord was intensified by the Second Seminole War, in which slaves united with Seminoles to fight against the United States. In exchange for capitulation, America offered the coalition unfettered freedom in Indian Territory. In Florida the two societies were so closely linked that, when the government implemented its program of removal, Seminoles and African Americans were transported to Oklahoma together.

However, once on their new lands, Seminoles and blacks fell into strife with Creeks, who wanted control over both groups, and with Cherokees and Arkansans, who feared an enclave of free blacks near their borders. These disputes drove a wedge between the Seminoles and their black allies.

Until the Civil War, blacks were hounded by slave claims that had followed them from the East and by raids of Creeks and white slavers from Arkansas. Many blacks were captured and sold. Others fled from Indian Territory and settled in Mexico.

At the end of the Civil War, free blacks and those of African descent who had remained unemancipated were adopted into the Seminole tribe under provisions of the Treaty of 1866. They began their role in the founding of what today is the modern Seminole Nation of Oklahoma. In a preface to this edition, Littlefield explains the continuing significance of this subject.

About the Author
Daniel F. Littlefield, Jr., is director of the Sequoyah National Research Center at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock. He is author of numerous books, including Seminole Burning: A Story of Racial Vengeance as well as coeditor of Native American Writing in the Southeast, both published by University Press of Mississippi. In 2014 the Arkansas Historical Association honored him with its Lifetime Achievement Award for his cofounding of the Sequoyah National Research Center and his promotion of Arkansas history.

Africans and Seminoles: From Removal to Emancipation

Description

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