Table of Contents
Chapter 1. Introduction to Landscape Ecology and Scale
What is Landscape Ecology?
Roots of Landscape Ecology
Intellectual Foundations of Landscape Ecology
Landscape Ecology Matures
Scale and Heterogeneity
Scale Terminology
Hierarchy Theory and Cross-scale Interactions
Upscaling and Downscaling
Objectives of this Book
Summary
Discussion Questions
Recommended Readings
Chapter 2. Causes of Landscape Pattern
Four Key Drivers of Landscape Pattern
The Abiotic Template
Biotic Interactions
Human Land Use
Disturbance and Succession
Landscape Legacies and the Role of History
Why is it Still Difficult to Explain and Predict Landscape Change?
Multivariate Interacting Drivers
Thresholds and Nonlinearites
Social-ecological Systems
Limited Ability to Perform Exeriments
Summary
Discussion Questions
Recommended Readings
Chapter 3. Introduction to Models
What are Models and Why do we use them?
What is a Model?
Why Landscape Ecologists Need Models
Strategy for Developing Models
Define the Problem and Develop a Conceptual Model
Tactics for Making the Model Work
Neutral Landscape Models
Neutral Models in Ecology
Neutral Models in Landscape Ecology
Insights and Applications of NLMs
Summary
Discussion Questions
Recommended Readings
Chapter 4. Landscape Metrics
Why Quantify Pattern?
Data Used in Landscape Analyses
A Comment on Spatial Data Accuracy
Caveats for Landscape Pattern Analysis, or "READ THIS FIRST"
#1 The Classification Scheme is Critical
#2 Scale Matters and Must be Defined
#3 A Patch is not a Patch
#4 Many Metrics are Correlated with one Another (and thus Redundant)
#5 There is no Single, Magic Metric
Metrics for Quantifying Landscape Pattern
Metrics of Landscape Composition
Metrics of Spatial Configuration
Fractals
Measures of Landscape Texture
Measures of Landscape Connectivity
Landscape Metrics: What is the State of the Science?
What Constitutes a "Significant" Difference in Landscape Pattern?
Making Sense out of Multiple Metrics
Metrics and Landscape Indicators
Some Additional Practical Advice and Parting Words
Summary
Discussion Questions
Recommended Readings
Chapter 5. Spatial Statistics
Why do Landscape Ecologists use Spatial Statistics?
Spatial Independence
Nature of Spatial Structure
Spatial Interpolation
Caveats for Using Spatial Statistics, or "READ THIS FIRST"
#1 The Spatial Dependence in Landscape Data must be Characterized and Considered
#2 Spatial Autocorrelation is Not Always a Problem
#3 Coincidence of Scales of Spatial Dependence Among Multiple Variables does not Prove Causality
#4 Scale Always Matters
#5 Stationarity is an Important Assumption in Many Spatial Statistical Analyses
#6 Interpreting Spatial Statistics is both a Science and an Art
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